Core Faculty Profile: Biomedical Engineering Department: McCormick School of Engineering: Northwestern University

Vadim Backman

Professor of Biomedical Engineering

2170 Campus Drive
Silverman Hall 3627
Evanston, IL 60208-2850

Email: v-backman( at )northwestern.edu

Websites:
Backman Laboratory

Ph.D. Medical Engineering and Medical Physics
Harvard University - MIT, Cambridge, MA

M.S. Physics
MIT, Cambridge, MA

M.S. Physics
St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia

B.S. Physics (Hons)
St. Petersburg Polytechnic Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia

Research Interest:

Optical imaging, Minimally invasive optical diagnosis and imaging of early cancer, Coherent backscattering spectroscopy for tissue diagnosis, Fractal organization of cells and tissues, Analysis of nano- and micro-architecture of living tissues using light scattering spectroscopy, Light scattering and propagation in random/turbid media.

Selected Publications:

RECENT JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS

A. Radosevich, N. Mutyal, V. Turzhitsky, J. Rogers, J. Yi, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Measurement of the spatial backscattering impulse-response at short length-scales with polarized enhanced backscattering (EBS), Optics Letters, 36(24), 4737-4739 (2011)
H. K. Roy, M. J. Goldberg, S. Bajaj, V. Backman, Colonoscopic Optical Biopsy: Bridging Technological Advances to Clinical Practice, Gastroenterology, 140(7), 18631880 (2011). (invited editorial, cover article)
J. S. Kim, V. Backman, I. Szleifer, Crowding-induced structural alterations of random-loop chromosome model, Physical Review Letters, 106, 168102, 1-4 (2011).
S. R. Gandhi, A. K. Tiwari, D. P. Kunte, M. A. De la Cruz, Y. Stypula, T. Gibson, J. Brasky, V. Backman, R. K. Wali, H. K. Roy, Association of stem-like cells in gender-specific chemoprevention against intestinal neoplasia in MIN mouse, Oncology Reports, 26(5), 1127-1132, (2011).
S. Yang, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Experimental Confirmation at Visible Light Wavelengths of the Giant Backscattering Perturbation Phenomenon of the Photonic Nanojet, Optics Express, 19(8), 7074-7093 (2011).
V. Backman, H. K. Roy, Light-scattering Technologies for Field Carcinogenesis Detection: A Modality for Endoscopic Pre-screening, Gastroenterology, 140(1), 35-41 (2011).
H. K. Roy, T. Hensing, V. Backman, Nanocytology for field carcinogenesis detection: novel paradigm for lung cancer risk stratification, Future Oncology, 7(11) (2011) (editorial).
J. S. Kim, P. Pradhan, V. Backman, I. Szleifer, Influence of chromosome density variations on the increase in nuclear disorder strength in carcinogenesis, Physical Oncology, 8(1), 015004, 1-6 (2011).
P. Pradhan, D. Damania, H. Joshi, V. Turzhitsky, H. Subramanian, H.K. Roy, A. Taflove, V. Dravid, V. Backman, Quantification of Nanoscale Density Fluctuations by Electron Microscopy: probing cellular alterations in early carcinogenesis, Phys. Biol. 8 (2011) 026012 (9pp).
N. N. Mutyal, A. Radosevich, A. Tiwari, Y. Stypula, R. Wali, , V. Turzhitsky, J. D. Rogers, H. K. Roy ,V. Backman, Structural changes induced by field carcinogenesis in colorectal cells measured by Low-Coherence Enhanced Backscattering Spectroscopy, submitted (2011).
J. D. Rogers, V. Stoyneva, V. Turzhitsky, N. Mutyal, P. Pradhan, I. R. Capoglu, V. Backman, An alternate formulation of enhanced backscattering as phase conjugation and diffraction: derivation and experimental observation, Optics Express,19(13), 11922-11931 (2011).
I. R. Capoglu, C. A. White, J. D. Rogers, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Numerical Simulation of Partially-Coherent Broadband Optical Imaging Using the FDTD Method, Optics Letters, 36(9), 1596-1598 (2011).
A. K. Tiwari, S. E. Crawford, A. Radosevich, R. Wali, Y. Stypula, D. P. Kunte, N. Mutyal, S. Ruderman, A. Gomes, M. L. Cornwell, M. De La Cruz, J. Brasky, T. Ward, V. Backman, H. K. Roy,Neo-Angiogenesis and the Premalignant Micro-Circulatory Augmentation of Early Colon Carcinogenesis, Cancer Letters, 306(2011), 205213 (2011).
V. Turzhitsky, A. J. Radosevich, N. N. Mutyal, J. D. Rogers, V. Backman, Measurement of Optical Scattering Properties with Low-Coherence Enhanced Backscattering Spectroscopy, JBO, 16(6), 067007, 1-14 (2011).
P. Pradhan, D. Dhwanil, V. Turzhitsky, V. Backman, Quantification of nanoscale density fluctuations using electron microscopy: Light-localization properties of biological cells, Applied Physics Lett., 97, 243704, 1-3 (2010).
H. K. Roy, A. J. Gomes, S. Ruderman, V. Turzhitsky, J. D. Rogers, V. Stoyneva, L. K. Bianchi, M. J. Goldberg, Y. L. Kim, E. Yen, A. Kromine, M. Jameel, V. Backman, Optical Measurement of Rectal Microvasculature as an Adjunct to Flexible Sigmoidosocopy: Gender-Specific Implications, Cancer Prevention Research, 3(7), 844851 (2010).
S. Ruderman, A. J. Gomes, V. Stoyneva, J. D. Rogers, A. J. Fought, B. D. Jovanovic, V. Backman, Analysis of pressure, angle and temporal effects on tissue optical properties from polarization-gated spectroscopic probe measurements, Biomedical Optics Express, 1(2), 489-499 (2010) PMC3017986.
A.J. Radosevich, V.M. Turzhitsky, N.N. Mutyal, J.D. Rogers, V. Stoyneva, A.K. Tiwari, M. De La Cruz, D.P. Kunte, H.K. Roy, V. Backman, "Depth-resolved measurement of mucosal microvascular blood content using Low-coherence Enhanced Backscattering Spectroscopy", Biomedical Optics Express, 1(4), 1196-1208 (2010) PMC3018078.
V. Turzhitsky, A. Radosevich, J. D. Rogers, A. Taflove, V. Backman, A Predictive Model of Backscattering at Subdiffusion Length Scales , Biomedical Optics Express, 1(3), 1034-1046 (2010) PMC3018048.
H. K. Roy, H. Subramanian, D. Damania, T. Hensing, D. Ray, A. Bogojevic, P. Pradhan, J. Rogers, N. Hasabou, I. Caopglu, V. Backman, Optical Detection of Buccal Epithelial Nano-Architectural Alterations in Patients Harboring Lung Cancer: Implications for Screening,Cancer Research, 70(20), 7748-7754 (2010).
N.N. Boustany, S.A. Boppart, V. Backman, Microscopic Imaging and Spectroscopy with Scattered Light, Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 12, 285314 (2010).
D. Damania, H. Subramanian, A.K. Tiwari, Y. Stypula, D. Kunte, P. Pradhan, H. Roy, V. Backman, "Role of cytoskeleton in controlling the disorder strength of cellular nanoscale architecture", Biophysical Journal Volume 99, 989996 (2010).
V. Turzhitsky, J.D. Rogers, N. Mutyal, H. K. Roy, V. Backman, Characterization of light transport in scattering media at sub-diffusion length scales with Low-coherence Enhanced Backscattering, IEEE JSTQE, 16(3), 619-626 (2010) (invited paper) PMC2964859.
Capoglu, J. Rogers, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Accuracy of the Born Approximation in Calculating the Scattering Coefficient of Biological Continuous Random Media, Optics Letters, 34(17), 2679-2681 (2009) PMC19724530.
J. D. Rogers, I. R. Capoglu, V. Backman, Nonscalar elastic light scattering from continuous media in the Born approximation, Optics Letters, 34(12), 1891-1893 (2009) PMC19529738.
H. Subramanian, H. K. Roy, P. Pradhan, M. J. Goldberg, R. E. Brand, C. Sturgis, T. Hensing, D. Ray, J.-S. Chang, J. Mohammed, V. Backman, Nanoscale Cellular Changes in Field Carcinogenesis Detected by Partial Wave Spectroscopy, Cancer Research, 69(13), 5357-5363 (2009) PMC2802178.
V. Turzhitsky, Y. Liu, N. Hasabou, M. Goldberg, H. K. Roy, V. Backman, R. Brand, Investigating Population Risk Factors of Pancreatic Cancer by Evaluation of Optical Markers in the Duodenal Mucosa, Disease Markers, 25, 313-321 (2009) (invited paper) PMC2730822.
Erratum
H. K. Roy, V. Turzhitsky, Y. Kim, M. J. Goldberg, P. Watson, J. D. Rogers, A. J. Gomes, A. Kromine, R. E. Brand, M. Jameel, N. Hasabou, P. Pradhan, V. Backman, "Association between Rectal Optical Signatures and Colonic Neoplasia: Potential Applications for Screening", Cancer Research, 69(10), 4476-4483 (2009) PMC2722930.
H. Subramanian, P. Pradhan, Y. Liu, I. Capoglu, J. Rogers, H. Roy, R. Brand and V. Backman, "Partial-wave microscopic spectroscopy detects subwavelength refractive index fluctuations: an application to cancer diagnosis", Optics Letters, 34(4), 518-520 (2009) PMC2701738.
S.-C. Kong, A. Taflove, V. Backman, "Quasi one-dimensional light beam generated by a graded-index microsphere", Optics Express, 17(5), 3722-3731 (2009) PMC2701736.
S.-C. Kong, A. V. Sahakian, A. Taflove, V. Backman, "High-Density Optical Data Storage Enabled by the Photonic Nanojet from a Dielectric Microsphere", JJAP, 48, 03A008, 1-3 (2009).
A. J. Gomes, H. K. Roy, V. Turzhitsky, Y. Kim, J. D. Rogers, M. J. Goldberg, A. Kromine, M. Jameel, V. Backman, Rectal Mucosal Microvascular Blood Supply Increase is Associated with Colonic Neoplasia, Clinical Cancer Research, 15(9), 3110-3117 (2009) PMC2745222.
A. Heifetz, S.-C. Kong, A. V. Sahakian, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Photonic Nanojets, J. Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 6(9), 1979-1992 (2009) (invited paper) PMC2782642.
V. Turzhitsky, A. J. Gomes, Y. L. Kim, Y. Liu, A. Kromine, J. D. Rogers, M. Jameel, H. K. Roy, V. Backman, "Measuring Mucosal Blood Supply in vivo with a Polarization Gating Probe", Applied Optics, 47(32), 6046-6057 (2008) PMC2728617.
H. Subramanian, P. Pradhan, Y. Liu, I. Capoglu, X. Li, J. Rogers, A. Heiftez, D. Kunte, H. K. Roy, A. Taflove, V. Backman, "Optical Methodology for Detecting Histologically Unapparent Nanoscale Consequences of Genetic Alterations in Biological Cells", PNAS, 105(51), 20124-20129 (2008) PMC2629261.
I. R. Capoglu, A. Taflove, V. Backman, "Generation of an incident focused light pulse in FDTD", Optics Express, 16(23), 19208-19220 (2008) PMC2743158.
S. C. Kong, A. V. Sahakian, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Photonic Nanojet-enabled Optical Data Storage, Optics Express, 16(18), 13713-13719 (2008).
H. K. Roy, A. Gomes, V. Turzhitsky, M. J. Goldberg, J. Rogers, S. Ruderman, Y. L. Kim, A. Kromine, R. E. Brand, M. Jameel, N. Hasabou, V. Backman, Spectroscopic Microvascular Blood Detection from the Endoscopically Normal Colonic Mucosa: Biomarker for Neoplasia Risk, Gastroenterology,135(4), 1069-1078 (2008) (cover article), (editorial page).
S. C. Kong, A. V. Sahakian, A. Heifetz, A. Taflove, V. Backman, "Robust Detection of Deeply Subwavelength Pits in Simulated Optical Data-Storage Disks Using Photonic Jets", Applied Physics Letters, 92(21), 211102, 1-3(2008) (cover article).
H. K. Roy, V. Turzhitsky, Y. L. Kim, Y. Liu, M. J. Goldberg, R. E. Brand, N. Hasabou, M. Jameel, and V. Backman, Spectral Slope from the Endoscopically-Normal Mucosa Predicts Concurrent Colonic Neoplasia: A Pilot Ex-Vivo Clinical Study, Diseases of Colon and Rectum, 51, 1381-1386 (2008) PMC2913285.
S. C. Kong, J. J. Simpson, A. Taflove, Vadim Backman,ADE-FDTD Scattered-Field Formulation for Dispersive Materials", IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, 18(1), 4-6 (2008) PMC2763393.
A. Heifetz, A. Taflove, V. Backman, "Subdiffraction optical resolution of a gold nanosphere located within the nanojet of a Mie-resonant dielectric microsphere", Optics Express , 15 (25), 17334-17342 (2007).
H. K. Roy, R. K. Wali, Y. Kim, Y. Liu, J. Hart, D. P. Kunte, J. L. Koetsier, M. J. Goldberg, V. Backman, Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mediates the early increase of blood supply (EIBS) in colon carcinogenesis , FEBS , 581 (20), 3857-3862 (2007).

A. Kaushiva, V. M Turzhitsky, V. Backman, G. A. Ameer, A biodegradable vascularizing membrane: A feasibility study, Acta Biomaterialia, 3 (5), 631-642 (2007).

H. Subramanian, P. Pradhan, Y. Kim, V. Backman, Penetration depth of low-coherence enhanced backscattering of light in sub-diffusion regime, Phys.Rev. E, 75, 041914, 1-9 (2007).

Y. Liu, R. E. Brand, V. Turzhitsky, Y. L. Kim, H. K. Roy, N. Hasabou, C. Sturgis, D. Shah, C. Hall, V. Backman, Optical Markers in Duodenal Mucosa Predict the Presence of Pancreatic Cancer, Clinical Cancer Research, 13(15), 4392-4399 (2007) (feature article).
National Science Foundation Press Release: http://nsf.gov/news/news_summ.jsp?cntn_id=109781&org=NSF&from=news

X. Li, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Anomalous Oscillations in the Spectra of Light Backscattered by Inhomogeneous Microparticles, Phys. Rev. E, 75, 037601, 1-4 (2007).

R. Figueiredo, V. Backman, Y. Liu, J. Paladugula, Architecture and Performance of a Grid-enabled Lookup-based Biomedical Optimization Application: Light Scattering Spectroscopy, IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in BioMedicine , 11 (2), 170-178 (2007).

J. Allen, Y. Liu, Y. L. Kim, V. M. Turzhitsky, V. Backman, G. A. Ameer,Spectroscopic translation of cell-material interactions, Biomaterials , 28, 162-174 (2007).

H.K. Roy, V. Backman, M. Goldberg, Colon Cancer Screening: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, Archives of Internal Medicine, 166, 2177-2179 (2006) (editorial).

L. A. Marcelino, V. Backman, A. Donaldson, C. Steadman, J. Thompson, S. Pacocha-Preheim, C. Lien, E. Lim, D. Veneziano, M. F. Polza, Accurately quantifying low-abundant targets amid similar sequences by revealing hidden correlations in oligonucleotide microarray data, PNAS, 103(37), 13629-13634 (2006).

A. Heifetz, K. Huang, A. V. Sahakian, X. Li, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Experimental Confirmation of Backscattering Enhancement Induced by a Photonic Jet, App. Phys. Lett., 89, 221118, (2006).

X. Xia, Y. Liu, V. Backman, G. A. Ameer, Engineering sub-100 nm multi-layer nanoshells, Nanotechnology, 17, 5435-5440 (2006).

Y. L. Kim, P. Pradhan, M. H. Kim, and V. Backman, Circular Polarization Memory Effect in Low-coherence Enhanced Backscattering of Light, Optics Letters, 31, 2744-2746 (2006).

J. Gong, B. Liu, Y. Kim, X. Li, V. Backman, Optimal Spectral Reshaping for Resolution Improvement in Optical Coherence Tomography, Optics Express, 14 (13), 5909-5915 (2006).

H. Subramanian, P. Pradhan, Y. Kim, Y. Liu, X. Li, and V. Backman, Modeling low-coherence enhanced backscattering using Monte Carlo simulation, Applied Optics, Vol. 45, No. 24, 6292-6300 (2006).

Y. L. Kim, Y. Liu, P. Pradhan, X. Li, V. Backman, Origin of low-coherence enhanced backscattering, Optics Letters, Vol 31, No 10, 1459-1461 (2006).

S. Tseng, A. Taflove, D. Maitland, V. Backman, Pseudospectral Time Domain Simulations of Multiple Light Scattering in Three-Dimensional Macroscopic Random Media, Radio Science, 41, RS4009, doi:10.1029/2005RS003408 (2006).

Y. L. Kim, V. Turzhitsky, Y. Liu, H. K. Roy, R. K. Wali, H. Subramanian, P. Pradhan, V. Backman, Low-coherence enhanced backscattering: review of principles and applications for colon cancer screening, J. Biomed. Optics, 11(4), 041125-1-10 (2006).

S. Tseng, A. Taflove, D. Maitland, V. Backman, J. T. Walsh, Extracting Geometrical Information of Closely Packed Random Media from Multiply Scattered Light via a Cross-correlation Analysis, IEEE Antenna and Wireless Propagation Letters, 5, 91-94 (2006).

H. K. Roy, Y. L. Kim, Y. Liu, R. K. Wali, M. J. Goldberg, V. Turhitsky, J. Horwitz, V. Backman, Risk Stratification of Colon Carcinogenesis through Enhanced Backscattering Spectroscopy Analysis of the Uninvolved Colonic Mucosa, Clinical Cancer Research, 19(3), 961-968 (2006).

Z. Chen, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Highly Efficient Optical Coupling and Transport Phenomena in Chains of Dielectric Microspheres, Optics Letters, 31(3), 389-391 (2006).

M. P. Siegel, Y. L. Kim, H. Roy, R. Wali, V. Backman, Assessment of Blood Supply in Superficial Tissue by Polarization-Gated Elastic Light- Scattering Spectroscopy, Applied Optics, 40(2), 335-342 (2006).

Z. Chen, X. Li, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Super-enhanced Backscattering of Light by Nanoparticles, Optics Letters, 31(2), 196-198 (2006).

H. K.Roy, D. P.Kunte, J. L. Koetsier , J. Hart, Y. L.Kim, Y. Liu, M. Bissonnette, M. Goldberg, V. Backman, R. K. Wali, Chemoprevention of colon carcinogenesis by polyethylene glycol: suppression of epithelial proliferation via modulation of SNAIL/B-catenin signaling, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 5(8), 2060-2069 (2006).

Z. Chen, X. Li, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, Backscattering Enhancement of Light by Nanoparticles Positioned in Localized Optical Intensity Peaks, Applied Optics, 45(4), 633-638 (2006).

M. Hunter, V. Backman, G. Popescu, M. Kalashnikov, C. W. Boone, A. Wax, V. Gopal, K. Badizadegan, G. D. Stoner, M. S. Feld, Tissue Self-Affinity and Polarized Light Scattering in the Born Approximation: A New Model for Precancer Detection, Phys. Rev. Lett, 97(13), 138102, 1-4 (2006).

X. Li, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Recent Progress in Exact and Reduced-order Modeling of Light-scattering Properties of Complex Structures, IEEE JSTQE, 11(4), 759-765 (2005).

Y. Liu, X. Li, Y. L. Kim, V. Backman, Elastic Backscattering Spectroscopic Microscopy, Optics Letters, 30(18), 2445-2447 (2005).

H. K. Roy, Y. Kim, R. K. Wali, Y. Liu, J. Koetsier, A. Kromine, D. P. Kunte, M. J. Goldberg, V. Backman, Spectral Markers in Preneoplastic Intestinal Mucosa: An Accurate Predictor of Tumor Risk in the MIN Mouse, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 14(7), 1639-1645 (2005).

X. Li, Z. Chen, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Optical Analysis of Nanoparticles via Enhanced Backscattering Facilitated by 3-D Photonic Nanojets, Optics Express, 13(2), 526-533 (2005).

Y. Liu, Y. Kim, X. Li, V. Backman, Investigation of Depth Selectivity of Polarization Gating for Tissue Characterization, Optics Express, 13(2), 601-611 (2005).

X. Li, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Quantitative analysis of depolarization of backscattered light by stochastically inhomogeneous dielectric particles, Optics Letters, 30(8), 902-904 (2005).

Y. L. Kim, Y. Liu, V. M. Turzhitsky, R. Wali, H. Roy, and V. Backman, Depth-resolved Low-coherence Enhanced Backscattering , Optics Letters, 30(7), 741-743 (2005).

Y. Liu, Y. Kim, V. Backman, Development of a Bioengineered Tissue Model and Its Application in the Investigation of the Depth Selectivity of Polarization Gating, Applied Optics, 44(12) 2288-2299 (2005).

X. Li, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Modified FDTD Near-to-Far Field Transformation for Improved Backscattering Calculation of Strongly Forward-Scattering Objects, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Lett., 4, 35-38 (2005).

S. H. Tseng, A. Taflove, D. Maitland, V. Backman, J. T. Walsh, Jr., Investigation of the Noise-like Structures of the Total Scattering Cross-section for Random Media, Optics Express, 13(16), 6127-6132 (2005).

K. Chen, Y. Kim, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Self-Assembled Patterns of Nanospheres with Symmetries from Submicrons to Centimeters, Applied Physics Letters, 86, 033101, 1-3 (2005). (Cover article.)

R. K. Wali, H. K. Roy, Y. L. Kim, Y. Liu, J. L. Koetsier, D. P. Kunte, M. J. Goldberg, V. Turzhitsky, V. Backman, Increased Microvascular Blood Content is an Early Event in Colon Carcinogenesis, Gut, 54, 654-660 (2005).

S. H. Tseng, J. H. Greene, A. Taflove, D. Maitland, V. Backman, J. T. Walsh, Exact solution of Maxwell's equations for optical interactions with a macroscopic random medium: addendum, Optics Letters, 30(1), 56-57 (2005).

Y. L. Kim, Y. Liu, R.K. Wali, H.K. Roy, V. Backman, Low-Coherent Backscattering Spectroscopy for Tissue Characterization, Applied Optics, 44(3), 366-377 (2005).

K. Chen, Y. Liu, G. Ameer, and V. Backman, Optimal design of structured nanospheres for ultrasharp light-scattering resonances as molecular imaging multilabels, J. Biomedical Optics, 10(2), 024005, 1-6 (2005).

S. H. Tseng, Y. L. Kim, A. Taflove, D. Maitland, V. Backman, J. T. Walsh, Jr., Simulation of enhanced backscattering of light by numerically solving Maxwells equations without heuristic approximations, Optics Express, 13(10), 3666-3672 (2005).

X. Li, Z. Chen, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Equiphase-sphere approximation for light scattering by stochastically inhomogeneous microparticles, Phys. Rev. E, 70, 056610, 1-8 (2004).

Y. L. Kim, Y. Liu, H. K. Roy, R. K. Wali, and V. Backman, Coherent Backscattering Spectroscopy, Optics Letters, 29 (16), 1906-1908 (2004).

X. Li, Z. Chen, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, Equiphase-sphere approximation for analysis of light scattering by arbitrarily-shaped nonspherical particles, Applied Optics, 43(23), 4497-4505 (2004).

H. K. Roy, P. Iversen, J. Hart, Y. Liu, J. L. Koetsier, Y. Kim, D. P. Kunte, M. Madugula, V. Backman, R. K. Wali, Down-regulation of SNAIL Suppresses MIN Mouse Tumorigenesis: Modulation of Apoptosis, Proliferation and Fractal Dimension, Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 3(9), 1159-1165 (2004).

X. Li, Z. Chen, J. Gong, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, Analytical Techniques for Addressing Forward and Inverse Problems of Light Scattering by Irregularly Shaped Particles, Optics Letters, 29 (11), 1239-1241 (2004).

S. H. Tseng, A. Taflove, D. Maitland, V. Backman, J.T.Walsh, Jr., Exact Solution of Maxwells Equations for Optical Interactions with a Macroscopic Random Medium, Optics Letters, 29 (12), 1393-1395 (2004).

Z. Chen, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, Photonic Nanojet Enhancement of Backscattering of Light by Nanoparticles: a Potential Novel Visible-Light Ultramicroscopy Technique, Optics Express, 12(7), 1214-1220 (2004).

H. K. Roy, Y. Liu, R. Wali, Y. L. Kim, A. K. Kromine, M. J. Goldberg, and V. Backman, Four-Dimensional Elastic Light-Scattering Fingerprints as Preneoplastic Markers in the Rat Model of Colon Carcinogenesis, Gastroenterology, 126,1071-1081 (2004).

Z. Chen, A. Taflove, and V. Backman, Concept of the Equiphase Sphere for Light Scattering by Nonspherical Dielectric Particles, JOSA A, 21(1), 88-97 (2004).

K. Badizadegan, V. Backman, C.W. Boone, C.P. Crum, R.R. Dasari, I. Georgakoudi, K. Keefe, K. Munger, S.M. Shapshay, E.E. Sheetse, and M.S. Feld, Spectroscopic diagnosis and imaging of invisible pre-cancer, Faraday Discuss., 126, 265279 (2004).

Z. Chen, A. Taflove, V. Backman, Equivalent Volume-Averaged Light Scattering Behavior of Randomly Inhomogeneous Dielectric Spheres in the Resonant Range, Optics Letters, 28 (10), 765-767 (2003).

Y. L. Kim, Y. Liu, R.K. Wali, H.K. Roy, M.J. Goldberg, A.K. Kromine, K. Chen, and V. Backman, Simultaneous Measurement of Angular and Spectral Properties of Light Scattering for Characterization of Tissue Microarchitecture and its Alteration in Early Precancer, IEEE J Sel Top Quant Elect , 9(2), 243-257 (2003).

K. Chen, A. Kromine, Y.L. Kim, M.P. Ulmer, B.W. Wessels, V. Backman, Nanoparticle sizing with a resolution beyond the diffraction limit using UV light scattering spectroscopy, Optics Communications, 228, 1-7 (2003).

M.G. Muller, Valdez TA, Georgakoudi I, Backman V, Fuentes C, Kabani S, Laver N, Wang ZM, Boone CW, Dasari RR, Shapshay SM, Feld MS, Spectroscopic detection and evaluation of morphologic and biochemical changes in early human oral carcinoma, Cancer, 97, 1681-1692 (2003).

I. Georgakoudi, J.T. Motz, V. Backman, G. Angheloiu, A.S. Haka, M. Muller, R.D. Dasari, M.S. Feld, Quantitative Characterization of Biological Tissue Using Optical Spectroscopy, in Biomedical Photonics Handbook, Tuan Vo-Dinh ed., CRC Press, New York, 2003.

A. Wax, C. Yang, V. Backman, K. Badizadegan, C.W. Boone, R.R. Dasari, M.S. Feld, Cellular Organization and Substructure Measured Using Angle-Resolved Low-Coherence Interferometry, Bophys. J., 82, 2256-2264 (2002).

Backman V, Gurjar R, Perelman LT, Gopal V, Kalashnikov M, Badizadegan K, Wax A, Georgakoudi I, Mueller M, Boone CW, Itzkan I, Dasari RR, and Feld MS, Imaging and Measurement of Cell Structure and Organization with Submicron Accuracy Using Light Scattering Spectroscopy, Optical Biopsy, 4613: 101-110 (2002).

A. Wax, C. Yang, V. Backman, M. Kalashnikov, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Determination of Particle Size Using the Angular Distribution of Backscattered Light as Measured with Low-coherence Interferometry, JOSA, 19, 737-744 (2002).

I. Georgakoudi, E. E. Sheets, M. G. Muller, V. Backman, C. P. Crum, K. Badizadegan, R. R. Dasari, M. S. Feld, Trimodal spectroscopy for the detection and characterization of cervical precancers in vivo, Am. J. Obstet. Gynaecol., 186, 374-382 (2002).

L. T. Perelman and V. Backman, Light Scattering Spectroscopy: Theory and Applications, in Optical Biomedical Diagnostics, V. Tuchin, ed., SPIE Press, Bellingham, January 2002.

R. Gurjar, V. Backman, L. T. Perelman, I. Georgakoudi, K. Badizadegan, I. Itzkan, R. Dasari, and M.S. Feld, Imaging Human Epithelial Properties with Polarized Light Scattering Spectroscopy, Nature Medicine, 7, 1245-1248 (2001)

V. Backman, V. Gopal, M. Kalashnikov, K. Badizadegan, R. Gurjar, A. Wax, I. Georgakoudi, M. Mueller, C.W. Boone, R.R. Dasari, and M.S. Feld, Measuring Cellular Structure at Submicrometer Scale with Light Scattering Spectroscopy, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Elect., 7, 887-894 (2001).

V. Backman, L.T. Perelman, J.T. Arendt, R. Gurjar, M.G. Muller, Q. Zhang, G. Zonios, E. Kline, T. McGillican, T. Valdez, J. Van Dam, M. Wallace, K. Badizadegan, J.M. Crawford, M. Fitzmaurice, S. Kabani, H.S. Levin, M. Seiler, R.R.Dasari, I. Itzkan, and M. S. Feld, Light Scattering Spectroscopy: A New Technique for Clinical Diagnosis of Precancerous And Cancerous Changes in Human Epithelia, Lasers in Life Sciences, 9, 255-263 (2001).

K. Kneipp, L.T. Perelman, H. Kneipp, V. Backman, A. Jorio, G. Dresselhaus, and M.S. Dresselhaus, Coupling and Intensity Exchange Between Photon Modes Observed in Strongly Enhanced Raman Spectra of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes on Silver Colloidal Clusters, Phys. Rev. B, 6319, 3411 (2001).

Georgakoudi I, Jacobson BC, Van Dam J, Backman V, Wallace MB, Muller MG, Zhang Q, Badizadegan K, Sun D, Thomas GA, Perelman LT, Feld MS, Fluorescence, Reflectance, and Light Scattering Spectroscopy for Evaluating Dysplasia in Patients with Barrett's Esophagus, Gastroenterology, 120, 1620-1629 (2001).

V. Backman, L.T. Perelman, J.T. Arendt, R. Gurjar, M.G. Muller, Q. Zhang, G. Zonios, E. Kline, T. McGillican, T. Valdez, J. Van Dam, M. Wallace, K. Badizadegan, J.M. Crawford, M. Fitzmaurice, S. Kabani, H.S. Levin, M. Seiler, R.R.Dasari, I. Itzkan, and M. S. Feld, Detection of Preinvasive Cancer Cells In Situ, Nature, 406, 35-36 (2000).

M. Wallace, L. T. Perelman, V. Backman, J. Crawford, M. Fitzmaurice, M. Seiler, K. Badizadegan, S. Shields, I. Itzkan, R. Dasari, J. VanDam, and M.S. Feld, Endoscopic Detection of Dysplasia in Patients with Barrett's Esophagus Using Light Scattering Spectroscopy, Gastroenterology, 119, 677-682 (2000).

V. Backman, R. Gurjar, K. Badizadegan, R. Dasari, I. Itzkan, L. T. Perelman, M. S. Feld, Polarized Light Scattering Spectroscopy for Quantitative Measurement of Epithelial Cellular Structures In Situ, IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Elect., 5, 1019-1026 (1999).

L. T. Perelman, G. Zonios, V. Backman, R. Gurjar, I. Itzkan, R. R. Dasari, J. Van Dam, M.S. Feld, Quantitative Analysis of Mucosal Tissues in Patients Using Light Scattering Spectroscopy, Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue III, RR Alfano, B Chance, BJ Tromberg, eds. SPIE Press, 3597, 474-479, (1999).

V. Bakman, S. V. Bobashev, O. S. Vasyutinskii, New Methods for Determining the Polarization State of Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation, Tech. Phys., 44, 1103-1110 (1999).

G. Zonios, L. T. Perelman, V. Backman, J. Van Dam, M. S. Feld, Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy of Human Adenomatous Colon Polyps In Vivo, Applied Optics, 38, 6628-6637 (1999).

L.T. Perelman, V. Backman, M. Wallace, G. Zonios, R. Manoharan,, A. Nusrat, S. Shields, M. Seiler, C. Lima, T. Hamano, I. Itzkan, J. Van Dam, J.M. Crawford, M.S. Feld, Observation of Periodic Fine Structure in Reflectance from Biological Tissue: A New Technique for Measuring Nuclear Size Distribution, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 627 (1998).

V. Backman, S. V. Bobashev, O. S. Vasyutinskii, Determination of Polarization of Vacuum-Ultraviolet Radiation by Fluorescence and Probe-Beam Techniques, Sol. Phys., 164, 397-401 (1996).

V. Bakman, S. V. Bobashev, O. S. Vasyutinskii, Dichroism of Probe Radiation Absorption in an Atomic Gas Excited by Synchrotron Radiation, Tech. Phys. Lett., 20, 14-18 (1994).